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Latest articles

Original scientific paper
Investigating Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters in the Pyrolysis of Sheep Manure Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 3, 09, 2024
Ahmad Indra Siswantara, Illa Rizianiza, Diyas Prawara Mahdi, Tanwir Ahmad Farhan, Candra Damis Widiawati, Muhamad Hilman Gumelar Syafei, Adi Syuriadi

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The kinetics of the pyrolysis process of sheep manure were investigated using Thermogravimetric Analysis in this work. It was heated at 30^°C to 900°C with a heating rate of 10^°C/min. There are two stages of mass degradation, namely dehydration and devolatilization. The temperature dehydration stage is 30°C–140°C while the devolatilization stage is 210°C–900°C. However, at temperatures >500°C, mass degradation decreases until it reaches 900°C. This indicates that most of the volatile matter has disappeared at this temperature. The devolatilization stage includes the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose (210°C–900°C) and lignin (>590°C). The calculated activation energy from Friedman's non-conversional method is 21.32 kJ/mol and Coast-Redfern is 26,20 kJ/mol, while the frequency factor value is 9.94.10¹⁸ s^-1 for Friedman and 3.42.10¹⁸ for Coast-Redfern Method which indicates that the pyrolysis process of sheep manure is a complicated phenomenon. The estimated activation energy value is then used to calculate thermodynamic properties e.g., Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy.
Original scientific paper
Development of a method for shredder characterisation and dynamic control of the output material stream

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 3, 09, 2024
Tatjana Lasch, Jason Imhof, Renato Sarc, Karim Khodier

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This work deals with the basis for the development of a method for the characterisation of shredders in
the field of waste treatment. Therefore, many parameters of shredders have to be considered. In this
work, the throughput and its inconsistency come into focus. The fluctuating mass and volume flow rates
often cause problems for waste treatment plants. Mixed waste generates a fluctuating throughput despite
continuous feeding, often starting at the first machine, the shredder. Dynamic control of the shredder is
seen as a solution. By implementing a control loop at the shredder, fluctuations in output are to be
minimised and the idea is that subsequent machines are thus ideally fed. Autocorrelation of the data of an
output volume flow of the shredder exists, which indicates that a dynamic output feedback control of the
shredder can work, therefore the attempt to control the shredder was made. However, the first control
attempt was probably too rudimentary and the implementation of a dynamic control of the shredder did
not yet bring any improvements in terms of throughput fluctuations. Nevertheless, the work provides
indications and shows potential for further research approaches on control-based improvement of
shredders’ throughput continuity.
Original scientific paper
Scattering layers for Titanium dioxide and Tin dioxide Dye-sensitized solar cells with Pandan leaf as a natural sensitizer

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 3, 09, 2024
Azwar Hayat

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with a scattering layer as a light mobility enhancer has been fabricated in this work. The cells were fabricated with two types of semiconductor materials which are Titanium dioxide and Tin dioxide. Natural sensitizer from Pandan leaves was also used as an electron generator combined with liquid electrolyte redox couple Iodide/Tri-Iodide. The photovoltaic performance was measured with four types of semiconductor configurations. It was Titanium dioxide only, Titanium dioxide with scattering layer, Tin dioxide only and Tin dioxide with scattering layer. Pandan dyes have higher photovoltaic performance when fabricated with scattering layers in both semiconductor cells. The scattering layer has boosted the light management inside the photo-anode film and increased the Photo-conversion efficiency. Photo-conversion efficiency parameters such as short-circuit current and open circuit voltage were monitored to improve compared to cells without the scattering layer. Higher electron injection were contributed from the increase of light path on photo-anode film with scattering layers. The incident photon-to-current efficiency graph confirmed that the cells with Titanium dioxide with scattering layer had a higher photon-to-current density than the cells with Tin dioxide only on 300 to 500 nm. The incident photon-to-current efficiency of the device with Tin dioxide with scattering layer was higher than that of the device with Tin dioxide only in the wavelength range of 300 to 700 nm, the dominant effect of the scattering layer was found to affect more in Tin dioxide than Titanium dioxide semiconductors on low to high wavelength of the incident photon-to-current efficiency. It concludes that light management is an important strategy to improve the performance of low-cost and eco-friendly solar cells. This strategy is suitable to enhance the efficiency of DSSC for further low-cost solar cells
Original scientific paper
Optimization of Particle Size of Torrefied Kesambi Leaf and Binder Ratio on the Quality of Biobriquettes

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Jemmy Dethan, Herianus Lalel

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Se’i meat, a traditional smoked meat in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia, is processed using kusambi wood as biomass fuel. However, this usage poses a threat to kesambi tree sustainability. The study explores varying particle size and adhesive quantity for kesambi leaf biobriquettes. Experimental trials analyze physical and chemical responses of biobriquettes, aiming for high fixed carbon content and calorific value. Results show that the optimal condition for making the bio-briquettes is combination of torrefied kesambi leaf with particle size of 60 mesh and 5% adhesive. This has resulting in their moisture content of 3.37%, ash content of 2.28%, volatile matter of 14.83%, fixed carbon of 79.53%, density of 0.57 g/cm³, calorific value of 15.91 MJ/kg, and total phenolic content of 0.95 mgGAE/g.
Original scientific paper
Advancing Energy Efficiency in Wood-Fired Stoves: Investigating the Feasibility and Implementation of Thermoelectric Generators

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala, Krzysztof Sornek

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This paper deals with incorporating thermoelectric generators into wood-fired stove to enhance energy efficiency and explore sustainable heating solutions. Wood-fired stoves are essential solutions for heating and cooking, but their conventional design poses environmental impact and efficiency challenges. By utilizing thermoelectric generators to capture waste heat, this research aims to elevate the overall performance of wood-fired stoves, reduce emissions, and optimize energy conversion. Through comprehensive experimental data and analysis, the study sheds light on the potential of thermoelectric generator integration, even in manually operated wood-fired stoves. The research stages outlined in the paper focus on selecting the most favorable conditions for thermoelectric generator installation, revealing that thermoelectric generators' highest power generation efficacy reached around 42% in a stove without an accumulation layer and slightly exceeded 30% in a stove with an accumulation layer.
Original scientific paper
Improving the buildings' sustainability through combined matrix assessment of embodied energy, water, and carbon: case of conventional houses, Jammu-India

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, 06, 2024
Anoop Kumar Sharma, Prabhjot Singh Chani

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The study attempts the comparatives of embodied energy, water, and carbon parameters in the cradle-to-gate phase of building construction for conventional houses in Jammu, India. Besides relying on hybrid material coefficients and field investigations-based materials database, the study adopts a general life cycle assessment framework. Descriptive statistics and regression techniques aid in meeting the findings. A strong interrelation between embodied energy and carbon, but a considerably weak embodied water-to-energy or embodied water-to-carbon relationship emerges. The top embodied energy and carbon-impacting materials (like brick) retard significantly in embodied water impacts, while steel deserves less attention than sand, aggregates, and cement considering all three parameters together. Therefore, a new dimension to appropriately using building materials and construction technologies looms by outlining a broad materials palette. The results call for a differing embodied water optimisation approach to embodied energy or carbon-pertaining ones. The construction players receive a new insight towards a sustainable building approach.
Original scientific paper
Design and Implementation of a One-Seater Solar Car

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Seyed Ebrahim Esmaeili, Laila Dallol, Ahmad Aldandan, Majed ALdhefeeri, Othman AlSalili, Fatima Badreddine, Ghulam Hussain

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This paper explained the detailed design and implementation process of a solar car at the American University of Kuwait. The design of the proposed solar car system represents a broader perspective on traditional solar or electric cars. It can be regarded as a hybrid vehicle that integrates solar power as a fundamental aspect of its performance, while also offering the option of direct plug-in charging. The proposed solar-powered 4-wheeled car uses two motors to increase the efficiency of power consumption, as both motors generate a relatively high torque and power ratio. The design of the car takes into consideration aerodynamics. The solar panels placement has a unique geometric shape to reduce air resistance thus increasing efficiency and stability on the road. To increase the total rated power to 810W, six panels are installed on top of the car. Each panel is capable of producing 135 Watts with an efficiency of 23%. Additionally, the car features two identical motor controllers paired with adjacent motors, contributing to a rear-wheel-drive experience. To safeguard the motor controllers, the system includes protective elements like an in-line fuse, which directly connects to the battery. The conducted testing of the implemented car validates the successful and adaptable design, offering promising prospects for an efficient commercial prototype of a solar car.
Original scientific paper
Supplementary Controller on Multi-Terminal Direct Current Link for the Damping of Interarea Power Oscillation of Kundur Two-Area Four-Machine System for Sustainable Grid Network

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, 06, 2024
Oluwafemi Oni, Omowunmi Mary Longe

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Inter-area power oscillations, a condition where a group of generators in different areas oscillate against each other, are becoming hard to control due to the recent complexity of power systems. This paper aims to enhance the stability of the modified Kundur two-area-four-machine network model, focusing on the implementation of a robust secondary controller on line commutated converter based multi-terminal high voltage direct current systems. This effort is to provide a better sustainable means of power transmission. The proposed solution entails integrating a local generator controller and a robust controller specifically designed to further mitigate inter-area power oscillations. This study conducted three operational scenarios: the local generator controller with double circuits alternating current lines, the local generator controller with multi-terminal direct current system controllers, and the local generator controller with direct current controllers and a secondary controller. Simulation results, executed using electromagnetic transient simulation engine on power systems computer aided design, demonstrated notable improvement in damping inter-area power oscillations with the incorporation of multi-terminal direct current system. A substantial enhancement of 100% in dampening inter-area power oscillations was observed upon implementing a secondary controller on the multi-terminal direct current system.
Original scientific paper
Indigenous Adaptive Capacity Index to climate change: a Brazilian case study

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, 06, 2024
Igor Raupp, Luciana da Paz, Katia Garcia, Giovana Faleiro, Denise de Matos

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Abstract

This paper introduces an index to assess the adaptive capacity of Indigenous Lands in the context of climate change vulnerability. The index was developed considering two sub-indices, one to evaluate the indigenous autonomy and ability to self-organize and establish relationships with other groups and the surrounding society, and the other that assesses the level of protection of the Indigenous Land surroundings. The aim is to guide integrated climate adaptation strategies for electricity companies operating near Indigenous Land. The paper also presents an application of the proposed index in the Belo Monte hydropower plant, in the Amazon region, with a strong presence of Indigenous Lands, and one of Brazil's most important hydropower plants. From the results, it was possible to compare the adaptive capacity of the Indigenous Lands and evaluate their different degrees of engagement and environmental protection, which can help in the proposition of adaptation actions.
Original scientific paper
Costs and perspectives of synthetic methane and methanol production using carbon dioxide from biomass-based processes

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, 06, 2024
Frank Radosits, Amela Ajanovic, Simon Pratschner

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The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is continuously rising mostly due to the consumption of fossil fuels. Renewable fuels, such as synthetic methane and methanol, for which production hydrogen and carbon dioxide are needed, have the potential to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil-based energy carriers. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the utilization ofcarbon dioxide from biomass-based processes for the production of e-methane and e-methanol, as well as to analyze their future prospects. Different scenarios including the most relevant impact parameters, such as possible learning rates or number of full load hours, are derived. Finally, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of synthetic methane and methanol are compared with direct hydrogen utilization from an economic and technical point of view. In spite of the possible cost reductions due to technological learning and economies of scale, the production costs of e-methane and e-methanol will remain very high in the main scenario. Therefore, low electricity prices and a high number of full-load hours are key to enhance the economic viability.
Original scientific paper
Mathematical Simulation and Technical Feasibility of Floating Solar Systems Installation in Hydroelectric Power Reservoirs in Brazil

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Rubens Passos, José Antonio Seneda, Nilce Ortiz

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The paper presents a feasibility study for the hybrid system operation of a hydroelectric power plant and a floating photovoltaic plant. Using the database of government agencies, the daily production of electrical energy and the corresponding water flow of the Ilha Solteira hydroelectric power plant in São Paulo, Brazil. The PVsyst software simulated the potential of 480 MWp of a floating photovoltaic plant in the hydroelectric power plant lake. The MATLAB software performed the mathematical modeling, analyzing 12 scenarios of weather conditions on hybrid electricity generation between the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and the floating photovoltaic plant. The data obtained in the analyzed scenarios show an average monthly reduction of 6% in hydroelectric generation and 7% in the volume of water in the turbine, allowing the generation of electric energy from a floating photovoltaic plant and improving the reserves of water-energy stock, reducing the production of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and avoiding the emission of 55,000 tCO₂ year^-1. The financial evaluation shows a cost of US$ 0.73 Wp^-1, and 13 years for the floating photovoltaic plant system to start producing a profit. Yet the FPVP is advantageous because it shares the power transmission system of the hydroelectric plant (HPP), and it is not necessary to acquire large land areas.
Original scientific paper
Evaluating Microplastic Pollution Along the Dubai Coast: An Empirical Model Combining On-Site Sampling and Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Tarig Ali, Md Mortula, Batoul Mohsen, Lara Dronjak, Rahul Gawai, Serter Atabay, Zahid Khan, Kazi Fattah

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The study addresses the growing concern of microplastic pollution in environmental matrices, emphasizing the significance of monitoring for understanding their distribution, sources, and mitigation. Laboratory-based spectral reflectance analysis of water samples containing visible microplastics revealed distinctive spectral signatures. Coastal water samples collected over two campaigns were subjected to pre-treatment in order to extract microplastics and microscopic inspection followed by spectroscopic confirmation. Results indicated average microplastics concentrations of 0.633 and 0.324mg/L, along with 7.85 and 5.30 items/L in the datasets. Leveraging these findings, along with Sentinel-2 (Level-1C) data and spectral signatures, an empirical spectral microplastics model was developed to convert Sentinel-2's reflectance into microplastics concentrations. This model displayed an 87.30% R2 and ±0.015mg/L RMSE. Subsequently, the model was employed to estimate microplastics concentrations in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, showcasing its potential for monitoring microplastics pollution in the study area and similar regions.
Original scientific paper
Method to Model the Hourly Variability of Renewable Energy Sources in Integrated Assessment Models

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Gonzalo Parrado-Hernando, Fernando Frechoso-Escudero, Luis Javier Miguel González

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A decarbonized economy implies deep structural changes across industries, including the power system, whose operation needs to balance supply and demand instantaneously. The energy planning community usually work with hourly-resolution tools, while the integrated assessment community do so with the year as the time unit. This article describes a model that integrates both time frames to consider limitations and competition among suppliers of electricity in long-term scenarios, with Spain as the case of study. The calibration was carried out over four historical years (2017-2020, including the impact of Covid) to show both the sensitivity of different meteorological conditions and differences in the ranking of priorities to supply power. The results show values below Spain’s objective of 74% presence of renewables in the electricity mix in 2030; while this objective is reached by our own proposal.
Original scientific paper
An analysis of the environmental matrix in the Adriatic Sea – past and future projections

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, 06, 2024
Liliana Rusu

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The main objective of the proposed work is to assess the environmental matrix in the Adriatic Sea and its expected dynamics in the near future. The attention is focused on the analysis of the wind and wave climate in this basin and to perform a joint evaluation of the wind and wave power resources. The analysis is structured in two-time intervals, each one covering a 30-year time slice. The first time interval represents the past and covers the historical reference period 1976-2005, while the second comprises the near future from 2041 to 2070, under the Representative Concentration Pathway scenario 4.5. For the same two periods, the wave climate and the wave power were evaluated based on the simulation results carried out with the Simulating WAves Nearshore spectral phase averaged model. An analysis of the past and future expected extreme events is carried out. A comprehensive picture of the expected wind and wave power dynamics in the Adriatic Sea is provided by the comparison between the results obtained in the past with those from the near future. The synergy between the wind and wave power is also evaluated for future development of joint wind–wave projects. This option represents a viable direction for the near future to balance wind and wave power.
Editorial
Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems - Volume XI

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 11, Issue 4, 12, 2023
Doris Beljan, Neven Duic

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The Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (JSDEWES) is an international journal dedicated to the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development by de-coupling growth from natural resources and replacing them with knowledge based economy, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding energy, transport, water, environment and food production systems and their many combinations. In total 48 manuscripts were published in Volume XI, all of them reviewed by at least two reviewers. The Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems would like to thank reviewers for their contribution to the quality of the published manuscripts.
Original scientific paper
Water supply and sewerage: Path to Net Zero Organizational Emissions

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Ivanna Harasymchuk, Vladimír Kočí, Martina Hájková, Martin Srb, Nikola Salová, Petr Sýkora

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Societal pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has compelled organisations to actively manage their carbon footprint. This paper investigates calculating the carbon footprint of the company Prague Water Supply and Sewerage, which serves as an example of a water management organisation in Central Europe. The specificity of research lies in consideration of characteristics related to the energy balance, water sources, climate, the number of consumers, and the political situation, which are most characteristic of the chosen location but may differ from the characteristics of organisations in other parts of the world. A comprehensive assessment of the carbon footprint of the investigated organisation is based on the life cycle assessment methodology. The results of this study show three main directions that significantly impact the carbon footprint: process emissions, purchased energy and purchased services. The recommendations based on the obtained results include the replacement of outdated equipment with more modern and energy-efficient alternatives, transitioning to renewable energy sources, implementation of energy recovery technologies, investigation of alternative processing methods that use fewer chemicals and energy, and giving preference to suppliers of goods and services with good environmental characteristics.
Original scientific paper
A Machine Learning Approach to Estimating Land Use Change and Scenario Influence in Soil Infiltration at The Sub-Watershed Level

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Aditya Nugraha Putra, Saskia Karyna Paimin, Salsabila Fitri Alfaani, Istika Nita, Syamsul Arifin, Mochammad Munir

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This research uses random forests to develop infiltration-friendly land use scenarios, addressing the global 32% change in land use over the past six decades. The study used Sentinel-2A for 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2022 as a land use baseline, predicting business as usual using cellular automata and comparing it with regional spatial planning and land capability scenarios. One hundred points of infiltration data were distributed using a random forest. Results showed that deforestation and its change into orchards, rice fields, and settlements over five years affected the infiltration. Business as usual reduces the high infiltration class to approximately 1,545 ha, while regional spatial planning and land capability cover 1,390 ha and 1,316 ha, respectively. The most infiltration-friendly land use scenario is applicable at the sub-watershed level, with an accuracy of about 97%. This research limitations include not comparing extreme dry seasons and using 2022 infiltration values for all other years.
Original scientific paper
Simple Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles Charging Management System Considering Sun Availability Time

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Syafii Syafii, Krismadinata Krismadinata, Muladi Muladi, Thoriq Kurnia Agung, Devianda Ananta Sandri

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Solar electric vehicle charging can substantially reduce carbon emissions compared to conventional utility grid-based electric vehicle charging. In the future, the need for the use of electric vehicle charging will continue to increase so that an energy charging management system that is simple and has ubiquitous components is needed. This paper presented a simple charging management system. The current solution is full of complexity with various algorithms, deep learning and machine learning solutions, and artificial intelligence, which can lead to errors for which no known solution exists. The main novelty in the proposed strategy is to compare the components used to get a simple but reliable system. The component that will compare is Raspberry Pi and ESP32. The ESP32 can offset the advantages of the Raspberry Pi with the help of Blynk, so for a simple and cheaper but reliable system, the ESP32 system is better for an energy charging management system.
Original scientific paper
Developing a framework for sustainability assessment of Reverse Osmosis desalination plants in Gaza Strip

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Fahid Rabah, Ahmed Mushtaha, Wesam Alaloul

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Rapid urbanization and water resource depletion have compelled regions worldwide to consider reverse osmosis desalination as a solution for securing a sustainable water supply. However, the sustainability of RO desalination plants especially in the Gaza Strip remains a critical concern. So, a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of these facilities is essential. This paper presents a framework for assessing the sustainability of reverse osmosis desalination plants in the Gaza Strip, with the aim of promoting informed decision-making and addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with water resource management in this area. The generated framework was applied on the southern desalination plant in Gaza as a case study. The framework integrates technical, environmental, economic, social and institutional set-up categories utilizing a variety of multi criteria decision analysis methods such as analytical hierarchy process, weighted summation and swing methods. The framework was built depending on a list of sustainability indicators that were carefully selected, and attributed to each sustainability category. Then, a group of local specialists in the desalination field were involved to determine the relative weight of the sustainability categories and their indicators. Finally, multi criteria analysis was applied to find the global sustainability index that reflects the desalination plant's sustainability status. The southern desalination plant was found to be partially sustainable with a global sustainability index value of 65%. Finally, this research promotes sustainable water management in regions like Gaza strip by guiding informed decisions on RO desalination plants, emphasizing the need for ongoing sustainability efforts.
Original scientific paper
Novel Design of Hybrid Single Slope Solar Distiller with Photovoltaic Powered Thermoelectric System

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, 03, 2024
Mohammad Nasir, Diaa Afaneh, Salah Abdallah, Hanan Saleet

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This paper proposes a novel design for the Hybrid single slope Solar distiller with PV powered Thermoelectric, which is a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to provide purified water without burning fuel. The use of thermoelectric modules enhances the productivity of distilled water significantly. The design recovers part of the vapor latent heat and pumps it back to the saline water, which makes it more energy efficient compared to the traditional solar distiller. The experimental results show a remarkable 672% increase in productivity, highlighting the enormous benefits of the Hybrid single slope Solar distiller with PV powered Thermoelectric design compared to traditional distillers. Additionally, a mathematical model is formulated to simulate the proposed distiller behaviour, which shows an acceptable match with the experimental results.

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